Effects of density and fertilizers to the growth and yield of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Bac Kan province
Keywords:
Density, fertilize, Gynostemma pentaphylluAbstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (or the twisting blue plant) has a wild distribution in Pac Nam district, Bac Kan province. However, this species is exhausted dramatically due to over-exploitation by local residents without maintenance and conservation measurements. In addition, the study on fertilizer and planting density in the cultivation of G. pentaphyllum is very limited. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the influence of these two factors on the development of this plant. Three density levels (M1: 200,000 trees/ha; M2: 250,000 trees/ha; M3: 334,000 trees/ha), and 4 levels of fertilizer with different level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P1: 200 kg N + 100 kg
P2O5 + 40 kg K2O/ha; P2: 250 kg N + 150 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O/ha; P3: 300 kg N + 200 kg P2O5 + 80 kg K2O/ha; P4: 350 kg N + 250 kg P2O5 + 100 kg K2O/ha) were conducted. As the results, planting density and fertilizer dosage showed significant effects on the growth of main stem length, number of leaves per stem and branches. At the time of harvesting, the P4M3 formula obtained the highest main stem length (235.17 cm), while the highest number of leaves on the stem (32.37 leaves) was observed in P3M2 formula. The growth of branches at different densities and levels of fertilizer was most evident in the period from 60 to 90 days after planting and gradually decreases
from 90 days to harvest. The development of secondary branches was the highest in P3M2 formula with 22.73 branches. Planting density and fertilizer dosage have a significant difference in yield. The formula P3M2 with planting density of 250,000 trees/ha and fertilizing of 300 kg N + 200 kg P2O5 + 80 kg K2O/ha achieved the highest yield of fresh biomass and dry biomass (11.50 tons/ha and 1.37 tons/ha, respectively), resulted in the highest economic efficiency with 196.97 million VND/ha net profit
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