NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH THÁI, PHÂN BỐ VÀ THÀNH PHẦN SAPONIN CỦA LOÀI SÂM CAO BẰNG THUỘC CHI SÂM (Panax sp.) CÓ PHÂN BỐ TỰ NHIÊN TẠI TỈNH CAO BẰNG

Abstract

Cao Bang ginseng (Panax sp.) is tolerant to all-year-round moisture and cool climate, distributed at an average altitude of 800-1,976 m (concentrated at an altitude of 1,050 to 1,300 m), average slope of 20-30 degrees; the species often grows in medium to rich natural evergreen broadleaf forests, with a thick vegetation layer and canopy cover of about 0.5 - 0.8. Panax sp. is distributed in places with an annual average rainfall of 1,276-1,670 mm/year; air humidity of 80-85%; average annual temperature of 20-22°C. The forest stand structure where the species distributes has a distinct 3-layer structure including: ecological dominant layer, shrub layer and vegetation layer. The composition of tree species in forest states ranges from 4-20 species depending on location. Panax sp. is a perennial herb, 20-60 cm high. The rhizome is thick, horizontal; few branches. Each clump usually has 1, rarely 2 or 3 leaf-bearing stems except in cases where the rhizome tip is damaged, then branches and grows a corresponding number of shoots. The saponin content of Cao Bang ginseng is 16.86%, much larger than the saponin content in Panax notoginseng (12.4%) and almost equivalent to that of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (18.48%)