SELECTING THE SCALE AND ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS FOR PELLET PRODUCTION FROM WOOD AND BAMBOO RESIDUES: A REVIEW AND DIRECTIONS FOR VIETNAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70169/VJFS.1346Keywords:
Biomass supply chain, collection and transportation, production organization models pellets, wood and bamboo residues, wood pellet productionAbstract
Wood and bamboo residues hold significant potential for energy pellet production; however, their spatial dispersion, varying scales, and supply instability pose major challenges to collection, transportation, and facility sizing, as the total volume generated does not equate to the amount that can be stably and efficiently mobilized. This study conducts a structured literature review using Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and domestic specialized reports to synthesize and analyze the relationships among feedstock characteristics, spatial distribution, collection and transport logistics, facility scale, capacity utilization, and economic - energy - environmental efficiency, while assessing the suitability of centralized, source-based, and clustered production models in Vietnam. The results indicate that feedstock properties and mobilization stability form the basis for determining actual available supply. Economies of scale are realized only with large and stable feedstock supplies, whereas location advantages offset or complement scale economies for small, dispersed residue sources. For Vietnam, alongside centralized facilities, small-scale production at the source or in clusters tied to local and intra-regional demand represents a viable approach. This model minimizes the transport of loose raw materials, optimizes local residue utilization, and fosters circular value chains at the local level. Finally, the study highlights key areas for future research, including collection distance optimization, comprehensive full-chain economic - energy - environmental assessments, multi-feedstock processing technologies, and field validation of small-scale, source-based, and clustered production models in Vietnam.
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