PRODUCTIVITY AND NUT/KERNEL QUALITY OF MACADAMIA CLONES IN DAKLAK AND GIA LAI PROVINCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70169/VJFS.1274Keywords:
Clone, kernel quality, Macadamia, nut yieldAbstract
The Central Highlands is the major macadamia-growing region of Vietnam, where suitable climatic and soil conditions support high nut yields. However, macadamia breeding programs in recent years have primarily focused on selecting high-yielding clones, with less emphasis on nut and kernel quality. This study was conducted on 14 macadamia clones aged 12 - 14 years in Gia Lai and Dak Lak provinces. The results showed significant differences in nut yield among clones at both sites (Fpr < 0.001), with the exception of the year 2024 in Dak Lak. The average nut yield in Gia Lai reached 21 kg/tree, which was 1.7 times higher than that in Dak Lak. The genotype - environment interaction between the two locations was low, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93, indicating a consistent ranking of nut yield among the clones. Large annual fluctuations were observed in Dak Lak; however, clones 856, A38, and OC consistently exhibited high nut yields across both sites. In Dak Lak, there was a significant differrence (Fpr < 0.001) in nut and kernel quality traits. Clones A38, A16, and OC exhibited superior nut and kernel quality traits and were also among the highest-yielding clones. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting macadamia clones based on both nut yield and nut/kernel quality traits to maximize the economic value of commercial orchards.
References
1. Nguyễn Đức Kiên, 2015. Khảo nghiệm giống và đánh giá khả năng phát triển cây Macadamia tại Việt Nam. Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài. Viện Khoa học Lâm nghiệp Việt Nam.
2. Nguyễn Đức Kiên, 2024. Nghiên cứu chọn giống cho năng suất, chất lượng hạt cao và giải pháp phòng trừ sâu, bệnh hại Macadamia. Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài. Viện Khoa học Lâm nghiệp Việt Nam.
3. Trần Vinh, Đặng Thị Thùy Thảo 2016. Nghiên cứu chọn lọc các giống Mắc ca thích hợp điều kiện vùng Tây Nguyên và khả năng phát triển cây Mắc ca bằng phương thức trồng xen, Viện Khoa học Kỹ thuật Nông Lâm nghiệp Tây Nguyên, Đắk Lắk.
4. Cavaletto, C.G., 1981. Quality evaluation of macadamia nuts. pp. 71-82. In: G. Charalambous and G. Inglett (eds.), The quality of foods and beverages: Chemistry and technology. Academic Press, New York.
5. Hardner C. M., Calvin W., Stephenson R., Gallagher E., 2001. “Genetic parameters for nut and kernel traits in Macadamia”, Euphytica, (117), pp. 151-161. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004016503740.
6. Nguyen TD, Topp B, Alam M., 2022. Image-based phenotyping of shell thickness revealed strong association with kernel recovery in Macadamia. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 11(1):95. DOI: 10.3390/IECPS2021-12037.
7. Richards Tarran E., Wiebke Kämper, Trueman S., Wallace H., Ogbourne S., Brooks P., Nichols J., Hosseini-Bai S., 2020. Relationships between nut size, kernel quality, nutritional composition and levels of outcrossing in rhree Macadamia cultivars. Agricultural and Food Sciences. DOI:10.3390/plants9020228
8. Williams, E,R,, Matheson, A,C, and Harwood, C,E. 2002. Experimental design and analysis for use in tree improvement. CSIRO publication, 174 pp, ISBN: 0 643 06259 9.
