ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS AND DRIVERS OF PLANT DIVERSITY LOSS IN BA BE NATIONAL PARK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70169/VJFS.1250Keywords:
Plant diversity, karst ecosystem, direct and indirect drivers, forest-dependent livelihoods, biodiversity loss, Ba Be National Park, influencing factorsAbstract
of natural and socio-economic factors. This study aimed to analyze the influencing factors and identify both direct and indirect drivers of plant diversity loss in the study area. The research employed a combination of literature review, field surveys conducted in 2024, and semi-structured interviews with 38 respondents, including 08 forest managers and 30 local households. Data were analyzed using the conceptual frameworks of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2019). The results indicate that karst topography and poor soil conditions are the dominant natural factors affecting forest ecosystems in Ba Be National Park. Specifically, 86.8% of respondents identified limestone terrain, while 78.9% identified shallow and nutrient-poor soils as major constraints on forest growth and regeneration. Socio-economic factors, particularly population distribution, local livelihoods, and dependence on forest resources, exert considerable pressure on forest ecosystems and biodiversity conservation. Among the direct drivers, overexploitation of forest resources and land-use conversion were identified as the most significant causes of plant diversity loss. Other factors, including forest fires, tourism activities, and invasive alien species, were found to have localized or potentially emerging impacts. Indirect drivers such as livelihood pressure, limitations in forest management, and inadequate enforcement of conservation policies further intensified these direct impacts. The study demonstrates that plant diversity loss in Ba Be National Park results from complex interactions between karst ecological conditions and human livelihood pressures. These findings highlight the importance of integrated conservation approaches that combine biodiversity protection with sustainable livelihood development in order to improve the effectiveness of forest and biodiversity management in the area.
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