HABITAT SELECTION AND TIMBER TREES UTILIZATION BY ASIAN BLACK BEAR (Ursus thibetanus Cuvier, 1823) IN PU HU NATURE RESERVE, THANH HOA PROVINCE

Abstract

This study investigated the population and habitat selection of the Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Pu Hu Nature Reserve using camera traps and sample plots from January to December 2024. By performing frequency distribution analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of the habitat, along with employing the focused sampling method to analyse behavioural data, the study identified and generalised the habitat selection patterns and behavioural traits of the Asian Black Bear population in the study area. The findings revealed that the Asian Black Bear typically inhabits mixed timber and bamboo forest with low canopy cover, high tree density, and a significant number of fallen trees. The habitat features include slopes on mountain ridges, a semi-south semi-north aspect, moderate altitude, gentle slopes, and a location far from water sources, roads, and human settlements. The Bear utilises trees during the fruiting season for feeding and resting. The Bear approaches the trees from the least obstructed side to climb, sitting on the canopy and using the forelimbs to bend small branches towards themselves to gather fruit. When descending, the Bear gradually slides down the trunk. This behavioural pattern helps the bears minimise energy expenditure and ensures safety while climbing up and down the trees.