Impacts of ecotourism activities on wildlife in conservation areas
Keywords:
Conservation areas, ecotourism, impacts, management, monitoring, wildlifeAbstract
resently, ecotourism is planned or developed for many National Parks,
Natural Reserves in Vietnam, but the studies of these impacts on wildlife are a few. A framework for monitoring and managing the effects of ecotourism on wildlife in natural Reserves in Vietnam should be proposed, based on reviewing the literature from scientists in Europe, USA, Australia and China. Ecotourism activities in conservation areas include wildlife viewing, hiking, all - terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, camping, motor - boating, floating, interpretation and visiting local community. Pattern, intensity, scope, temporal and spatial patterns of ecotourism activities are known as factors influencing the impacts on wildlife. Runaway, attracted and adapted three types of
behaviors that wildlife learn to how respond to disturbances from tourism. There are plenty studies about ecotourism impacts on wildlife, mainly focusing on the flight responses, feeding, energy expenditure, physiological index, reproduction, population size, community structure. Due to the lack of research on ecotourism impacts, it is necessary for Vietnam to collect large basic data, and discuss some important questions about theory and application, and establish monitoring systems in reserves to measure wildlife behavior, physiology, population dynamics, and distribution; habitats, environmental quality; temporal and spatial characteristics, as well as the attitudes, and behavior of visitors. Monitoring methods include control area comparison for different levels of tourism intensity before and after development, to determine its long - term effect. Ecological research and monitoring should be applied to wildlife, habitat, and visitor management strategies used by conservation areas
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